{"id":491,"date":"2025-03-08T19:20:06","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T16:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/?p=491"},"modified":"2025-03-08T19:20:44","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T16:20:44","slug":"trump-ve-america-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/2025\/03\/08\/trump-ve-america-first\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump ve \u201cAmerica First\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n \u201cAmerica First\u201d (\u00d6nce Amerika) politikas\u0131, onun hem 2016-2020 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde hem de 2024 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imi s\u00fcrecinde savundu\u011fu bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Bu fikir genel manas\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel i\u015flerin \u00f6n\u00fcne koymay\u0131, ticareti korumay\u0131, d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlar\u0131 kesmeyi ve ittifaklardan \u00e7ekilmeyi savunmaktad\u0131r. 20 Ocak 2025\u2019te Trump ikinci kez g\u00f6reve ba\u015flay\u0131nca s\u00f6z konusu bu politikay\u0131 tekrar ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcndemine getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cAmerica First\u201d kavram\u0131, ABD\u2019de 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan izolasyonist bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak 1915\u2019te, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeden \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan bir slogan olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019deki baz\u0131 i\u015f adamlar\u0131, sendikalar ve siyaset\u00e7iler, \u00fclkelerinin ekonomik ve askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131. D\u00f6nemin senat\u00f6rlerinden William Borah bu fikri savunan \u00e7evreler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnektir. Borah, Avrupa\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ABD halk\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirmedi\u011fini ve kaynaklar\u0131n i\u00e7eride tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, sava\u015f\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda ABD kamuoyunda etkili olmu\u015f ancak 1917\u2019de Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bir denizalt\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatmas\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tekrar izolasyon politikas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nin 29. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harding\u2019in \u201cNormale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d slogan\u0131yla ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nem, ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel i\u015flerden uzak durmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir. 1922\u2019de Fordney-McCumber Tarifesi kabul edilmi\u015f, ithal mallara %38\u2019e varan g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri getirilmi\u015ftir; bu, \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini vurmu\u015f, ABD sanayisini ise k\u0131sa vadede b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, 1921 G\u00f6\u00e7 Yasas\u0131 ile y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6\u00e7men kotas\u0131 357 binden 150 bine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Avrupa\u2019dan sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 da engellenmi\u015ftir. Avrupa\u2019ya ekonomik yard\u0131m ise b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kesilmi\u015f, Versailles Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n tahsili \u00f6ncelik olmu\u015ftur. Bu politikalar do\u011fal olarak 1920\u2019lerde ABD ekonomisinde bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (GSY\u0130H 1921\u2019de 73 milyar dolar iken 1929\u2019da 104 milyar dolara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). Ancak ABD ekonomisindeki bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme k\u00fcresel ticaretin daralmas\u0131na ve neticede 1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131\u2019n\u0131n patlamas\u0131na da temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konu ile ilgili bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli \u00f6rnek ise ABD\u2019nin 31. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Herbert Hoover d\u00f6neminde kabul edilen 1930 tarihli Smoot-Hawley Tarifesi\u2019dir. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile ABD H\u00fckumeti, 20 binden fazla ithal \u00fcr\u00fcne ortalama %60 g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi koymu\u015f, Amerikan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerini ve sanayicilerini korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hamleye Kanada, \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi 25 \u00fclke, ABD\u2019nin ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelik vergileri art\u0131rarak cevap vermi\u015flerdi. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ABD\u2019nin ihracat rakamar\u0131 1929\u2019da 5,2 milyar dolar iken 1932\u2019de 1,6 milyar dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. ABD\u2019nin ayn\u0131 y\u0131llardaki ithalat rakamlar\u0131 ise 4,4 milyardan 1,3 milyar dolara gerilemi\u015fti. Bu ticaret sava\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u2019\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

America First fikri 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda,  \u201cAmerica First Komitesi\u201d ile tekrar kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komite, Avrupa\u2019daki sava\u015f\u0131n ABD\u2019yi tehdit etmedi\u011fini, askeri harcamalar\u0131n \u00fclke i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur. Ancak 1941\u2019de ya\u015fanan Pearl Harbor hadisesi, bu hareketin etkisini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ABD\u2019nin izolasyon politikas\u0131 da sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump ve yeniden \u201cAmerica First\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trump, \u201cAmerica First\u201d\u00fc \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerken, ABD\u2019nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 k\u00fcresel liderlik rol\u00fcnden yoruldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 ile hareket etmektedir. Ona g\u00f6re, NATO\u2019ya mali katk\u0131 sa\u011flamak, d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlarla ba\u015fka \u00fclkeleri desteklemek ya da \u00c7in gibi rakipler i\u00e7in serbest ticarete izin vermek, ABD halk\u0131na zarar vermektedir. Trump bu politikas\u0131 ile ABD ekonomisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fini ve \u00fclkesinin i\u00e7 \u00fcretimi art\u0131rarak i\u015fsizli\u011fi azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trump\u2019a g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri ABD\u2019nin \u201cs\u0131rt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7inmektedir\u201d. ABD bu durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeli ve \u00f6zellikle Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, savunma harcamalar\u0131 gibi konularda sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmelidirler. Nitekim Trump\u2019\u0131n Ukrayna politikas\u0131nda bu yakla\u015f\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir; Trump, Zelensky\u2019ye \u201cYa Rusya ile anla\u015f ya da deste\u011fi keseriz\u201d diyerek, Biden y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlar\u0131 kesmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Trump bu politikay\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullanarak Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n maden kaynaklar\u0131na el koymay\u0131 da denemektedir. Yine Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye y\u00f6nelik uygulamak istedi\u011fi ek vergi planlar\u0131 da yine America First politikas\u0131 etrafnda ABD\u2019nin ekonomik hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ad\u0131mlar olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trump America First politikas\u0131 ile Avrupal\u0131 devletleri g\u00fcvenlikleri konusunda ekonomik ve siyasi y\u00f6ntemlerle inisiyatif almaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken, \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ise ayn\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sergilememektedir. \u00d6yleki Trump, \u201cGazze bo\u015falt\u0131ls\u0131n, Filistinliler \u00dcrd\u00fcn ve M\u0131s\u0131r’a yerle\u015ftirilsin\u201d <\/em>diyerek b\u00f6lgenin kaderini tayin etme rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstenmekte ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Filistinlileri a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tehdit etmektedir. Her ko\u015fulda \u0130srail\u2019in arkas\u0131nda yer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Trump, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede America First politikas\u0131 ile ilgili tutars\u0131z bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD kamuoyu bu politika kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler, \u00f6zellikle Trump taraftarlar\u0131, \u201cAmerica First\u201d\u00fc desteklemektedirler. Onlara g\u00f6re, d\u0131\u015f harcamalar kesilip vergiler i\u00e7eride kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa, halk\u0131n refah\u0131 artacakt\u0131r. Nitekim Mart 2025 verilerine g\u00f6re Cumhuriyet\u00e7i se\u00e7menlerin %72\u2019si bu gerek\u00e7elerle USAID ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlar\u0131n kesilmesini desteklemektedir. Demokratlar ise bu oran  %27\u2019dir. Ayr\u0131ca genel olarak Demokratlar America First politikas\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019yi yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmatad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

America First siyasetinin nas\u0131l bir sonu\u00e7 verece\u011fini kestirmek \u015fimdilik olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Zira bu politikan\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n Trump\u2019\u0131n takip etti\u011fi siyaset kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir tepki verece\u011fi ile ilgilidir. \u00dclkeler ABD\u2019nin ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi bir tepki verirerlerse d\u00fcnya genelinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik daralma tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Trump\u2019\u0131n dayatmalar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi durumunda ise ABD\u2019yi d\u00fcnya siyaset\u015finde dengeleyen ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7ler zay\u0131flayabilir ki bu durum ABD\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7 politikas\u0131nda bile tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r durumda olan hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar kuvvetlendirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, NATO\u2019dan k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00e7ekilip muhataplar\u0131na \u201cKendi b\u00fct\u00e7enizi art\u0131r\u0131n\u201d derse, \u015f\u00fcphesiz Avrupa kendi savunmas\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Ancak bu durum k\u0131sa vadede ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. \u00dcstelik bu durumda Rusya ve \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduracak g\u00fc\u00e7ler olabilirler. Bu senaryonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda ABD\u2019 kendi bindi\u011fi dal\u0131 kesmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

America First politikas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya siyaseti \u00fczerindeki etkileri ne olursa olsun, Trump\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede takip edece\u011fi y\u00f6netim modeli, ABD\u2019nin totaliter bir \u00fclke haline gelmesine de yol a\u00e7abilecektir. \u00dcstelik son d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019de ya\u015fanan kimi olaylar ABD\u2019de bir \u015feylerin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130ki Cumhuriyet\u00e7i senat\u00f6r\u00fcn 100 Dolarl\u0131k banknotlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde Trump\u2019\u0131n resminin yer almas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde verdikleri yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u201ctart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z lider\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcne sahip \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Trump\u2019\u0131n Temsilciler Meclisinde ki konu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda protesto g\u00f6sterisi yapan Demokrat Partili meclis \u00fcyesinin zorla salondan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Marco Rubio\u2019nun anl\u0131nda Ha\u00e7 i\u015fareti ile canl\u0131 yay\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6rnekler, s\u00fcrekli d\u00fcnyaya ihra\u00e7 edilmek istenen \u201cAmerikan tipi demokrasi\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonuna gelindi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UTAMER Analiz<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n \u201cAmerica First\u201d (\u00d6nce Amerika) politikas\u0131, onun hem 2016-2020 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde hem de 2024 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imi s\u00fcrecinde savundu\u011fu bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Bu fikir genel manas\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel i\u015flerin \u00f6n\u00fcne koymay\u0131, ticareti korumay\u0131, d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlar\u0131 kesmeyi ve ittifaklardan \u00e7ekilmeyi savunmaktad\u0131r. 20 Ocak 2025\u2019te Trump ikinci kez g\u00f6reve ba\u015flay\u0131nca s\u00f6z konusu bu politikay\u0131 tekrar ABD\u2019nin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,27,23,19],"tags":[81,79,82,80,37,39,38],"class_list":{"0":"post-491","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-analizler","7":"category-dunya","8":"category-manset","9":"category-utamer","10":"tag-america-first","11":"tag-donald-trump","12":"tag-fordney-mccumber-tariff","13":"tag-marco-rubio","14":"tag-mehmet-korkud-aydin","15":"tag-uluslararasi-toplum-arastirmalari","16":"tag-utamer"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=491"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/491\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}