![\"\"](\"http:\/\/utamer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/abd-cin.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik rekabet, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en kritik g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerinden biridir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel ekonomideki liderli\u011fi, \u00c7in\u2019in h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ciddi bir imtihanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rekabet, ticaret politikalar\u0131ndan teknoloji yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na, yat\u0131r\u0131m stratejilerinden k\u00fcresel pazarlardaki n\u00fcfuz m\u00fccadelesine kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Her iki \u00fclkenin ekonomik hamleleri, yaln\u0131zca kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret sistemini ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini de yeniden \u015fekillendirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rekabetin Tarihsel Temelleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik rekabetin k\u00f6kenleri, \u00c7in\u2019in 1978\u2019de Deng Xiaoping liderli\u011finde ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reform ve d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma politikalar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u00c7in\u2019i tar\u0131m a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ekonomiden k\u00fcresel bir \u00fcretim merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak as\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in 2001\u2019de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (DT\u00d6) kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DT\u00d6 \u00fcyeli\u011fi, \u00c7in\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 piyasalara entegrasyonunu h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ihracat odakl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme modelini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir. 2000\u2019de 249 milyar dolar olan \u00c7in\u2019in ihracat\u0131, 2010\u2019da 1,58 trilyon dolara y\u00fckselmi\u015f; bu rakam, 2023\u2019te 3,5 trilyon dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in, \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n fabrikas\u0131\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak, ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomisiyle ABD\u2019nin sanayi \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ise bu y\u00fckseli\u015fe ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta temkinli bir iyimserlikle yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990\u2019larda ve 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, Amerikan \u015firketleri i\u00e7in hem bir pazar hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli \u00fcretim f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak 2010\u2019lara gelindi\u011finde, \u00c7in\u2019in sadece bir tedarik\u00e7i de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda rakip bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in GSY\u0130H\u2019si, sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc paritesine g\u00f6re 2014\u2019te ABD\u2019yi ge\u00e7mi\u015f, 2023\u2019te 30 trilyon dolara ula\u015farak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olmu\u015ftur. Nominal GSY\u0130H\u2019de ise ABD, 2024 itibar\u0131yla 27 trilyon dolarla \u00f6nde kalsa da, \u00c7in\u2019in 19 trilyon dolarl\u0131k ekonomisi, aradaki fark\u0131n h\u0131zla kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret Sava\u015f\u0131na Etki Eden Geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, rekabetin en g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir. 2024\u2019te ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019den ithalat\u0131 560 milyar dolar\u0131 bulurken, ihracat\u0131 yaln\u0131zca 185 milyar dolarda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu, 375 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu dengesizlik, ABD\u2019de sanayi kayb\u0131na ve i\u015fsizlik endi\u015felerine yol a\u00e7arken, \u00c7in\u2019in ihracat odakl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini desteklemi\u015ftir. Trump y\u00f6netimi, 2018\u2019de \u00c7in mallar\u0131na 550 milyar dolarl\u0131k g\u00fcmr\u00fck tarifesi uygulayarak bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f; \u00c7in ise 185 milyar dolarl\u0131k ABD \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne misilleme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Biden d\u00f6nemi, bu tarifeleri k\u0131smen s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ancak daha sistematik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsemi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019in ise DT\u00d6 kurallar\u0131n\u0131 esnetti\u011fi ve devlet s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131yla haks\u0131z avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ABD iddialar\u0131, rekabetin gerginli\u011fini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Teknoloji, ekonomik rekabetin en stratejik alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in Huawei gibi \u015firketlerle 5G altyap\u0131s\u0131nda lider konuma gelmesi ve yapay zeka yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 (2023\u2019te k\u00fcresel AI pazar\u0131n\u0131n %30\u2019u \u00c7in kontrol\u00fcndedir), ABD\u2019yi harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. ABD, 2019\u2019da Huawei\u2019ye yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulam\u0131\u015f, 2022\u2019de ise \u00c7ip ve Bilim Yasas\u0131\u2019yla 52 milyar dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131mla yar\u0131 iletken \u00fcretimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in ise bu yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 kendi \u00e7ip end\u00fcstrisini geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, 2024\u2019te yerli yar\u0131 iletken kapasitesini %40 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yar\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca ekonomik de\u011fil, ulusal g\u00fcvenlik boyutlar\u0131yla da kritik hale gelmi\u015ftir; zira \u00e7ip teknolojisi, savunma sistemlerinden t\u00fcketici elektroni\u011fine kadar her alanda belirleyicidir. Rekabetin K\u00fcresel Ekonomiye Yans\u0131malar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik rekabet, k\u00fcresel sistem \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkiler yaratmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikli olarak, ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131 ve korumac\u0131 politikalar, uluslararas\u0131 tedarik zincirlerini kesintiye u\u011fratmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2018-2020 aras\u0131ndaki tarifeler, k\u00fcresel ticaret hacmini %1,5 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; bu, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkeleri etkilemi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci olarak, teknolojik ayr\u0131\u015fma (decoupling) tehdidi, firmalar\u0131 ya ABD ya da \u00c7in ekosistemini se\u00e7meye zorlamaktad\u0131r. Apple gibi \u015firketler, \u00fcretimlerini k\u0131smen Vietnam ve Hindistan\u2019a kayd\u0131rsa da, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00fcretim kapasitesinden vazge\u00e7mek k\u0131sa vadede m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler bu rekabette bir taraf se\u00e7me bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu rekabetin uzun vadeli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ise belirsizdir. E\u011fer ABD ve \u00c7in ekonomileri tamamen ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, d\u00fcnya iki ekonomik bloka b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir: ABD liderli\u011finde dolar temelli bir sistem ve \u00c7in\u2019in yuan\u0131 uluslararas\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alternatif. Ancak bu senaryo, k\u00fcresel ekonomide istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir. Zira 2023\u2019te k\u00fcresel ticaretin %40\u2019\u0131 ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ak\u0131\u015flara dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, rekabetin teknoloji ve yenilik alan\u0131nda h\u0131zlanmas\u0131, insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yeni f\u0131rsatlar do\u011furabilir; fakat bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n hangi \u00fclkenin kontrol\u00fcnde olaca\u011f\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik rekabet, yaln\u0131zca iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7eki\u015fme de\u011fil, k\u00fcresel ekonominin gelece\u011fini \u015fekillendiren bir m\u00fccadele olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc, teknolojik at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, ABD\u2019nin geleneksel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulat\u0131rken; ABD\u2019nin finansal sistemi, inovasyon kapasitesi ve ittifak a\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ciddi bir avantaj sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu rekabet, ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131 ve teknolojik yar\u0131\u015flarla k\u0131sa vadede sertle\u015fse de, uzun vadede her iki \u00fclkenin birbirine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam bir kopu\u015fu zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yine de, bu m\u00fccadelenin seyri, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin kurallar\u0131n\u0131, teknolojik standartlar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini yeniden tan\u0131mlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik rekabet, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en kritik g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerinden biridir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel ekonomideki liderli\u011fi, \u00c7in\u2019in h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ciddi bir imtihanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rekabet, ticaret politikalar\u0131ndan teknoloji yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na, yat\u0131r\u0131m stratejilerinden k\u00fcresel pazarlardaki n\u00fcfuz m\u00fccadelesine kadar geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Her iki \u00fclkenin ekonomik hamleleri, yaln\u0131zca kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, uluslararas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,24,25,27,23,19],"tags":[75,84,79,85,39,38,86],"class_list":{"0":"post-500","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-analizler","7":"category-asya","8":"category-avrupa","9":"category-dunya","10":"category-manset","11":"category-utamer","12":"tag-abd","13":"tag-cin","14":"tag-donald-trump","15":"tag-ticaret-savasi","16":"tag-uluslararasi-toplum-arastirmalari","17":"tag-utamer","18":"tag-xi-jinping"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=500"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":503,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/500\/revisions\/503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/utamer.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00c7in\u2019in \u201cBir Ku\u015fak Bir Yol\u201d giri\u015fimi, 2013\u2019ten beri 1 trilyon dolar\u0131 a\u015fan altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla Afrika, Asya ve Latin Amerika\u2019da etkisini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2023\u2019te \u00c7in, Afrika\u2019daki liman ve demiryolu projelerine 50 milyar dolar harcam\u0131\u015f, bu da ABD\u2019nin geleneksel n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ABD, Biden d\u00f6neminde \u201cBuild Back Better World\u201d (B3W) giri\u015fimiyle 40 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir alternatif sunmu\u015f, ancak bu proje \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine yeti\u015fememi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019in bu hamleleri, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde bor\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ele\u015ftirilse de, k\u00fcresel ticaretteki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmektedir.
\u00c7in\u2019in ye\u015fil enerji alan\u0131ndaki liderli\u011fi, ekonomik rekabetin bir di\u011fer boyutudur. 2024\u2019te k\u00fcresel g\u00fcne\u015f paneli \u00fcretiminin %80\u2019ini ve elektrikli ara\u00e7 bataryalar\u0131n\u0131n %60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in kontrol etmektedir. ABD ise fosil yak\u0131tlara (petrol ve do\u011fal gaz) ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte, yenilenebilir enerjideki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 (2023\u2019te 90 milyar dolar) \u00c7in\u2019in gerisinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, hem \u00e7evresel hem de ekonomik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019e avantaj sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/utamer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pexels-karolina-grabowska-4386371-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n